Rare Earth for magnets in automotive industry: needs, challenges and materials validation
F. Scaffidi Muta, Gianluca Deninno
Permanent magnets are essential components in automotive applications, particularly in electric motors with radial and axial flux setup. Rare-earth materials such as NdFeB and SmCo provide high magnetic performance, enabling compact and efficient motor designs, but they also present challenges related to cost, supply chain constraints, and environmental impact. Experimental characterization of these magnets is crucial to ensuring their performance and reliability. The characterization tests performed in CRF concern measurements of magnetic properties such as hysteresis curves, coercivity, and remanence, as well as thermal stability tests to evaluate their behavior under high operating temperatures. Structural investigations using electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy (Confocal microscope) or X-ray diffraction help assess material integrity and detect possible defects, grain microstructure and boundary feature.
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